بررسی مؤلفه‏ های مؤثر بر طراحی و توسعۀ نماهای هوشمند در شهرها برای بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی بر مبنای یک دورۀ تاریخی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر پسادکتری طراحی شهری، دانشکدۀ معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

2 گروه معماری، واحد اسکو، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اسکو، ایران

3 گروه معماری، واحد بستان‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بستان‌آباد، ایران

4 گروه معماری، واحد خلخال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خلخال، ایران

10.22059/ses.2024.371975.1050

چکیده

سیستم نمای هوشمند به‏ عنوان یکی از عناصر اصلی پوشش ساختمان با کارایی بهینه شناخته می‏شود که قادر است به محرک‏های زیست‏محیطی پاسخ دهد و به دنبال بهبود آسایش ساکنان و بهینه‏سازی مصرف انرژی است. در حالی که تحقیقات مربوط به طراحی ساختمان به جنبه‏های فنی و طراحی نماهای هوشمند پرداخته است، مطالعات تاریخی بسیار محدودی در مورد تکامل چنین سیستم‏هایی انجام شده است. بنابراین تحقیق حاضر به بررسی مؤلفه‏های مؤثر بر طراحی و توسعۀ نماهای هوشمند در شهرها برای بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی برمبنای یک دورۀ تاریخی می‌پردازد. این مقاله با روش سلسله‏مراتب تاریخی، مؤلفه‏های تاریخی مؤثر را در تکامل طراحی و توسعۀ سیستم‏ نماهای هوشمند، بررسی و طبقه‏بندی می‏کند. مؤلفه‏های مؤثر در قالب دسته‏های اجتماعی‌ـ فرهنگی، فنی، سیاسی، محیطی و اقتصادی، ناشی از تغییرات انقلابی در هنر، فناوری و ساخت‏وساز ساختمان‏ها از قرن نوزدهم میلادی به بعد هستند. یافته‏ها نشان داد جدول زمانی تاریخی ارائه‏شده در این مقاله به عنوان منبعی مفید برای محققان و مربیان در فعالیت‏های پژوهشی و آموزشی در نظر گرفته شده است. بر اساس این جدول می‏توان الگوی توسعۀ کنونی را فهمید و اتفاقات (روند) احتمالی آتی را پیش‏بینی کرد. جدول زمانی نشان می‏دهد نماهای هوشمند می‏توانند در آینده در مقیاس شهری برای همۀ محلات شهرها نیز استفاده شوند که این به ارتقای آسایش ساکنان و بهبود مصرف انرژی در شهرها کمک شایانی می‏کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the factors affecting the design and development of smart facades in cities based on a historical period

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Zeynali Azim 1
  • Solmaz Babazadeh Oskouei 2
  • Roghayeh Mehmani 3
  • Shahram Sattarifard 4
  • Hadis Solookaneh 4
1 Post-doctoral researcher in urban design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Rajaee Tarbiat University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Architecture, Oskou Branch, Islamic Azad University, Oskou, Iran
3 Department of Architecture, Bostan Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bostan Abad, Iran
4 Department of Architecture, Khalkhal Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khalkhal, Iran
چکیده [English]

The smart facade system is known as one of the main elements of the building envelope with optimal efficiency, which is able to respond to environmental stimuli and seeks to improve the comfort of residents and optimize energy consumption. While building design research has addressed the technical aspects and design of smart facades, very limited historical studies have been conducted on the evolution of such systems. Therefore, the current research examines the factors affecting the design and development of smart facades in cities to optimize energy consumption based on a historical period. This article examines and classifies the effective historical components in the evolution of the design and development of the smart facade system using the historical hierarchy method. The effective components in the form of socio-cultural, technical, political, environmental and economic categories are caused by revolutionary changes in art, technology and building construction from the 19th century onwards. The findings showed that the historical timeline presented in this article is considered as a useful resource for researchers and educators in research and educational activities. Based on this table, the current development pattern can be understood and possible future events (trends) can be predicted. The timeline shows that smart facades can be used in the future on an urban scale for all neighborhoods of cities, which helps to improve the comfort of residents and improve energy consumption in cities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Design"
  • "Smart facades"
  • "Energy consumption"
  • "Historical period"
[1]. A. Aksamija, Design Methods for Sustainable, High-Performance Building Facades. Advances in Building Energy Research, 2016, vol. 10, no 2: pp. 240–262
[2]. A. Arjamandania, using smart materials and facades with a sustainable approach (case example: Shahrekord city, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province), bimonthly research in art and humanities, 2016, vol 1. no 1, 1-10.
[3]. Z. Golasemi, M, Golabchi, Application of theory on the design factor of smart shells, Green Architecture, 2017, vol 3, no 12, pp. 1-10.
[4]. R Shan, Climate Responsive Facade Optimization Strategy. PhD thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2016.
[5]. Sorensen, L. Heat Transmission Coefficient Measurements in Buildings Utilizing a Heat Loss Measuring Device.” Sustainability, 2013, vol.5 no 8, pp: 3601-3614.
[6]. Y, Grobman, I, Capeluto, & G. Austern, External Shading in Buildings: Comparative Analysis of Day Lighting Performance in Static and Kinetic Operation Scenarios. Architectural science review, 2017, vol 60, no 2: pp. 126–136.
[7]. M. A. Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, M. Bady, E. Mahrous, & M. Suzuki. Optimum Energy Consumption by using Kinetic Shading System for Residential Buildings in hot Arid Areas. International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy, 2016, vol. 5. no 2, pp. 2-16.
[8]. S. Choi, D Lee, & J. Jo. Methods of Deriving Shaded Function According to Shading Movements of Kinetic Facades. Sustainability, 2017, vol 9, pp: 1-17.
[9]. R. C. G. M., F. Loonen, F, Favoino, J. L Hensen, Overend, Review of Current Status, Requirements and Opportunities for Building Performance Simulation of Adaptive Facades.” Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2017, vol 10, no 2, pp: 205-223.
[10]. S M, Al-Masrani, Al-Obaidi, NA & Isma, M. I. Design Optimization of Solar Shading Systems for Tropical Office Buildings: Challenges and Future Trends. Solar Energy, 2018 vol. 170, pp: 849-872.
[11]. K, Veliko & Thun, G. Responsive Building Envelopes: Characteristics and Evolving Paradigms in Design and Construction of High Performance Homes. London: Routledge Press, 2013.
[12]. R. Romano, D, Aelenei. & E. S. Mazzucchelli. What is an Adaptive Facade? Analysis of Recent Terms and Definitions from an International Perspective. Journal of Facade Design and Engineering, 2018, vol 6, no, 3 pp: 65-76.
[13]. G, Smith, & G. W. Smith. Swing low, Sweet Chariot: Kinetic Sculpture and the Crisis of Western Techno centrism. Arts, 2015, vol 4, no 3, pp: 75-92.
[14]. J, Bessette, Machine art in the Twentieth Century, Arts, 2018, vol. 7, no 1, pp: 1-8.
[15]. F, Popper, Origins and Development of Kinetic Art. New York: New York Graphic Society. 1968.
[16]. G.-D., Chen, C.-W. Lin, and H.-W. Fan. The History and Evolution of Kinetic art. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2015, vol 5, no 11, pp: 922–930.
[17]. C, Mason, Towards a History of Kinetic Art in Britain, 2011.
[18]. S, Esaak, What dada was and why it matters. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-dada-182380. 2018
[19]. R, Rivenc & R, Bek, Keep it Moving? Conserving Kinetic Art. Los Angles: Getty Publications. 2018.
[20]. M, Sendi, The Effect of Technology to Integrate Aesthetic Desire of Contemporary Architecture with Environmental Principles in Facade Design. Architecture and Engineering, 2014, vol 7, pp: 24-31.
[21]. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Basic Information, Green Building, US EPA, https://archive. epa.gov/greenbuilding/web/html/about.html. 2016.
[22]. R. F, Loonen, J, Favoino, M, Hensen, Overend. Review of Current Status, Requirements and opportunities for Building Performance Simulation of Adaptive Facades. Journal of building performance simulation, 2016, vol. 10, no 2, pp: 205-223.
[23]. K, Al-Kodmany, Sustainability and the 21st Century Vertical City: a Review of Design Approaches of Tall Buildings. Buildings, 2018, vol. 8, no 102, pp: 2-40.
[24]. N Matin, N, Eydgahi, & S, Shyu, Comparative Analysis of Technologies used in Responsive Building Facades. Proceedings of American Society of Engineering Education, Columbus, OH, 2017. pp: 1-15.
[25]. Z, Ghasemi, M, Gulabchi, Application of factor-based theory in designing smart facades, Green Architecture, 2018, vol 3, no12, pp: 1-10.
[26]. S, Yiannoudes. Architecture and Adaptation: From Cybernetics to Tangible Computing. 1st ed. New York: Routledge, 2016.
[27]. T. P, Yekutiel, & Y, J, Grobman, Controlling Kinetic Cladding Components in Building Facades: A Case for Autonomous Movement. 19th International Conference of the Association of Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia CAADRIA, Hong Kong, 2014.
[28]. R, Perrone & D, Büchler,. An Investigation of Futurist Architectural Design. Proceedings of EAD06 International conference. European academy of design, Bremen, Germany, 2005.
[29]. C, Khoo, Morphing Architecture: with Responsive Material System”, thesis, Architecture and Design, RMIT University, Australia, 2013.
[30]. C Isgro, Marina, The Animate Object of Kinetic Art, 1955-1968. Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations, University of Pennsylvania Scholarly Commons. pp:1-297, 2017.