فصلنامه سیستم های انرژی پایدار

فصلنامه سیستم های انرژی پایدار

بررسی تطبیقی قانون اصلاح الگوی مصرف انرژی با تجارب کشورهای OECD

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی سیستمهای انرژی پایدار، دانشکدگان علوم و فناوری‌های میان‌رشته‌ای، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
به ‌دلیل رشد سریع و ناپایدار مصرف انرژی در ایران و پیامدهای آن بر اقتصاد، محیط زیست و امنیت انرژی، دولت در سال ۱۳۸۹ قانون اصلاح الگوی مصرف انرژی را تصویب کرد. این قانون نخستین رژیم جامع حقوقی ایران برای نظارت بر مصرف انرژی به ‌شمار می‌رود. با این‌حال، پژوهش‌های مختلف نشان داده‌اند اجرای این قانون با موفقیت همراه نبوده است؛ عواملی همچون ناکارآمدی نهادی، فقدان سازوکار اجرایی مؤثر و هماهنگی ناکافی میان دستگاه‌های متعدد از جمله چالش‌های اصلی هستند. مطالعۀ حاضر با تکیه بر مفاهیم حکمرانی انرژی و چارچوب‌های ابزارهای سیاستی، نخست به تحلیل ساختاری و محتوایی قانون اصلاح الگوی مصرف انرژی می‌پردازد و سپس، تجربۀ کشورهای منتخب عضو OECD (آلمان، ژاپن و دانمارک) را در حوزۀ مدیریت مصرف انرژی و کاهش شدت مصرف بررسی تطبیقی می‌کند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد این کشورها با کاهش قابل‌ توجه شدت انرژی، از تجاربی بهره‌مند شده‌اند که شامل ایجاد نهادهای تنظیم‌گر مستقل، اعمال مشوق‌های هدفمند، استفاده از ابزارهای اقتصادی و اجرای برنامه‌های آموزشی عمومی است. آن‌ها همچنین از نهادهای نسبتاً مستقل، اهداف کمّی مشخص و الزام به ارزیابی‌های منظم عملکرد برخوردار بوده‌اند؛ عواملی که کارآمدی آن‌ها در ایران محدود بوده است. در پایان، مقاله پیشنهاد می‌کند با اصلاح مفاد قانون اصلاح الگوی مصرف انرژی، تقویت سازوکارهای اجرا و نظارت، تعریف شاخص‌های قابل اندازه‌گیری و بهره‌گیری از الگوهای قابل اقتباس جهانی، بهره‌وری انرژی در مسیر گذار به توسعۀ پایدار در ایران بهبود یابد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Comparative Analysis of the Energy Consumption Pattern Reform Law with OECD Countries' Experiences

نویسندگان English

Negin Mirzaei 1
Shayesteh Ebrahimi Zaker 1
Hojjat Feyzy 2
Mahmood Abdoos 1
1 School of Energy Engineering and Sustainable Resources, College of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Due to the rapid and unsustainable growth of energy consumption in Iran and its attendant consequences on the economy, environment, and energy security, the government enacted the Energy Consumption Pattern Reform Law in 2010. This legislation was Iran’s first comprehensive legal regime for the oversight of energy consumption. However, a number of studies have indicated that the enactment of the law has not been successful due to challenges such as institutional ineffectiveness, lack of an enforcement mechanism, and the coordination of multiple agencies. The current study, framed with the concepts of energy governance and policy instrument frameworks, conducts a structural and content analysis of the Energy Consumption Pattern Reform Law, then conducts a comparative analysis on the experiences of selected OECD nations (Germany, Japan, and Denmark) in the domain of energy consumption management and consumption. The comparative analysis indicates that OECD nations manage to reduce energy intensity considerably, which is reflective of the fact that they possess the experience and use of measures that include independent regulatory bodies, targeting incentives, economic instruments and public education programs. These countries have utilized law levels of independence, quantifiable targets, and required regular performance assessments. These measures have limited effectiveness in Iran. Finally, the paper suggests modifications to the energy consumption pattern reform law, improves law enforcement of the policy, creates measurable indicators, and identifies replicable examples from the international community to enhance energy efficiency as part of a sustainable development transition in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Energy Consumption Pattern Reform Law
Energy Governance
Energy Efficiency
Energy Policy
OECD Countries
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