‌سیستم‌های دالان زمین‌گرمایی: مروری جامع بر طراحی، عملکرد و کاربردهای موردی در گلخانه‌های ایران

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

عضو هیئت علمی گروه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، پژوهشکدۀ انرژی و محیط زیست، پژوهشگاه نیرو

10.22059/ses.2025.393932.1136

چکیده

استفاده از دالان‌های زمین‌گرمایی به ‌عنوان یکی از روش‌های کارآمد در تأمین گرمایش، سرمایش و تهویۀ مطبوع، در سال‌های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این پژوهش، عملکرد این سیستم‌ها از طریق بررسی نمونه‌های اجرایی در کشورهای مختلف و تحلیل نتایج، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. بر این‌اساس، مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر کارایی این سیستم‌ها شامل جنس لوله‌ها، عمق دفن، طول و قطر کانال‌ها، نوع و رطوبت خاک اطراف، ضریب هدایت حرارتی خاک و سرعت جریان هوا هستند. انتخاب بهینۀ هر یک از این پارامترها نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در بهبود انتقال حرارت بین هوا و زمین و افزایش بازدهی سیستم دارد. نتایج حاصل از مطالعۀ حاضر نشان می‌دهد بهره‌برداری اصولی از دالان‌های زمین‌گرمایی به صرفه‌جویی قابل توجه در مصرف انرژی، بهبود پایداری دمایی فضا و کاهش آلاینده‌های زیست‌محیطی منجر می‌شود. همچنین، عملکرد این سیستم‌ها در تعدادی از گلخانه‌های کشور مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و اثرات مثبت آن در کاهش هزینۀ نهایی تولید محصول و افزایش بهره‌وری انرژی به اثبات رسیده است. در برخی از پروژه‌های اجراشده در گلخانه‌های کشور، با تغییر 10 درجه‌ای دما باعث صرفه‌جویی در مصرف انرژی تا 70 درصد، و افزایش کمیت و کیفیت محصول شده‌اند. این موضوع موجب تمایل بخش خصوصی به سرمایه‌گذاری در این حوزه شده است. با توجه به هزینۀ اولیه نسبتاً پایین، نیاز اندک به تعمیر و نگهداری و بازده مناسب در شرایط طراحی مطلوب، دالان‌های زمین‌گرمایی به‌ عنوان راهکاری پایدار و اقتصادی برای تأمین انرژی گلخانه‌ها در مناطق مختلف ایران مطرح است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Earth to Air Heat Exchanger systems: A Comprehensive Review of Design and Performance with Case Applications in Iranian Greenhouses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Davar Ebrahimi
  • Shahriar Bozorgmehri
Faculty member, Renewable Energy Department, Energy and Environment Research Center, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The use of Earth-to-Air Heat Exchangers (EAHX) has increasingly been recognized as an effective and innovative approach for providing heating, cooling, and ventilation in various built environments. This study evaluates the performance of these systems through an analysis of existing installations in different countries and assesses their operational outcomes. Key parameters influencing the efficiency of EAHX systems include pipe material, burial depth, pipe length and diameter, surrounding soil type and moisture content, soil thermal conductivity, and airflow rate. Optimal selection and design of these parameters significantly enhance system efficiency and optimize heat exchange between air and the ground. The findings of this research demonstrate that the proper implementation of EAHX systems can lead to substantial energy savings, improved indoor thermal stability, and reduced environmental pollutants. Moreover, the performance of these systems has been examined in several greenhouses across the country, where their positive effects on reducing final production costs and increasing energy efficiency have been confirmed. In some greenhouse applications, a temperature differential of up to 10°C resulted in as much as 70% energy savings, along with improvements in both the quantity and quality of the crops. This has encouraged private sector investment in this field. Given the relatively low initial cost, minimal maintenance requirements, and high efficiency under proper design conditions, EAHX systems can serve as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for greenhouse energy supply in various regions of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Earth to air Heat Exchanger
  • Greenhouse
  • energy efficiency
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