بهره‌برداری از خودروهای الکتریکی به عنوان ذخیره‏ ساز انرژی با رویکرد افزایش سود مالکان و بهبود شاخص ‏های قابلیت اطمینان سیستم توزیع

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق، دانشکده مهندسی انرژی، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی انرژی، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم و فنون نوین، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

10.22059/ses.2023.359327.1035

چکیده

امروزه، استفاده از سیستم‏های ذخیره‏ساز انرژی، به‌خصوص در سیستم‏های توزیع، تأثیر بسزایی در بهبود عملکرد سیستم انرژی، بهبود شاخص‏های قابلیت اطمینان سیستم و کاهش هزینه‏های بهره‏برداری سیستم انرژی دارد. از این‌رو، به‌کارگیری آن‏ها در سیستم انرژی یک مزیت محسوب می‏شود. در این مقاله انگیزه‏های استفاده از خودروهای الکتریکی در قالب ذخیره‏ساز انرژی، بررسی می‏شود. به عنوان مثال، می‏توان به تأثیر کمینه کردن هزینه‏های سیستم از نظر بار اشاره کرد. همچنین، در این مقاله تأثیر خودروهای الکتریکی در بهبود شاخص‏های قابلیت اطمینان، از قبیل شاخص انرژی تأمین‌نشده (ENS) و شاخص متوسط مدت قطع سیستم (SAIDI) بررسی شده ‏است. جهت حصول این امر یک قالب برنامه‌‏ریزی پویا در چارچوب یک سیستم توزیع‌شده با هدف کمینه‌سازی هزینه‏های سیستم معرفی شده است. پس از به‌کارگیری چارچوب ارائه‌شده ذیل مقاله و مدل‌سازی سیستم نمونۀ 34 گرهی IEEE، نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان می‏دهد بهره‏بردار شبکه با تنظیم قیمت برق به گونه‏ای که صاحبان خودروهای الکتریکی بتوانند سود کنند، باعث بهبود شاخص‏های قابلیت اطمینان شبکه می‏شود. در این راستا، میزان کل انرژی تأمین‌نشده توسط سیستم به میزان 11 درصد در حالت متمرکز کاهش می‏یابد. همچنین، متوسط زمان قطعی سیستم در حالت متمرکز به میزان 85 درصد و در حالت توزیع‌شده به میزان 51 درصد کاهش می‏یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Utilization of electric vehicles as energy storage with the purpose of increasing the profits of the owners and improving the reliability of the distribution system

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Behzad Hadi 1
  • Moein Moeini-Aghtaie 2
  • Hossein Yousefi 3
1 Researcher, Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Energy Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Renewable Energies and Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, the utilization of energy storage systems, especially in distribution systems, has a significant impact on improving the performance of the energy system, improving system reliability indicators, and reducing energy system operating costs. Therefore, using these utilities in the energy systems is advantageous. In this paper, the motivations for using electric vehicles as energy storage units are investigated. For instance, we can mention the effect of minimizing system costs from the load point of view. Moreover, in this paper, the effect of electric vehicles in improving the reliability indices, such as the Energy Not Served (ENS) and the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) has been investigated. In order to achieve this, a dynamic planning framework has been introduced in a distribution network with the aim of minimizing system costs. After applying the framework presented in the article and modeling the IEEE 34-node sample system, the simulation results show that the network operator improves the network reliability indicators by adjusting the electricity price in such a way that electric car owners can benefit. In this regard, the total amount of ENS of the system is reduced by 11% in centralized mode. Also, the SAIDI index is reduced by 85% in the centralized mode and by 51% in the distributed mode.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Distribution network
  • dynamic planning
  • electric vehicle
  • energy storage
  • reliability
  • Geidl, “Integrated modeling and optimization of multi-carrier energy systems.” ETH Zurich, 2007.
  • Mohammadi, Y. Noorollahi, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and H. Yousefi, “Energy hub: from a model to a concept–a review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 80, pp. 1512–1527, 2017.
  • Zeng, T. Ding, Y. Xu, Y. Yang, and Z. Dong, “Reliability evaluation for integrated power-gas systems with power-to-gas and gas storages,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 571–583, 2019.
  • Rahmani-Andebili, M. F. Firuzabad, and M. Moeini-Aghtaie, “Optimal incentive plans for plug-in electric vehicles,” in Electric distribution network planning, Springer, 2018, pp. 299–320.
  • Pouladi J, Bannae Sharifian MB, Soleymani S. Probabilistic Modeling of Aggregated Electric Vehicle Charging Demand in Residential Distribution Network. TABRIZ J Electr Eng 2018;47:1357–69.
  • Noorollahi, A. Aligholian, and A. Golshanfard, “Stochastic energy modeling with consideration of electrical vehicles and renewable energy resources-A review,” J. energy Manag. Technol., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 13–26, 2020.

 

  • Pirehbabi, A. Mosayyebi, and M. Zandi, “Development scenarios for electric vehicles in Iran with Dynamic System method,” J. Sustain. Energy Syst., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–17, 2022.
  • M. Pariyarath, “Probabilistic evaluation of distribution network reliability in the presence of renewable energy sources, energy storage and electric vehicles,” 2021.
  • Billington and R. N. Allan, “Reliability evaluation of power systems,” 1984.
  • Huang and G. Li, “Reliability evaluation of distributed integrated energy systems via Markov chain Monte Carlo,” in 2017 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2), 2017, pp. 1–5.
  • Huang et al., “Reliability and Vulnerability Assessment of Multi-Energy Systems: An Energy Hub Based Method,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2021.
  • A. Ansari, C. Y. Chung, and E. Zio, “A Novel Framework for the Operational Reliability Evaluation of Integrated Electric Power-Gas Networks,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2021.
  • M. Correa-Posada and P. Sanchez-Martin, “Integrated power and natural gas model for energy adequacy in short-term operation,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 3347–3355, 2014.
  • Z. Xu and C. Y. Chung, “Reliability evaluation of distribution systems including vehicle-to-home and vehicle-to-grid,” IEEE Trans. power Syst., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 759–768, 2015.
  • Zhang, Y. Zhu, Z. Wang, Y. Su, and C. Li, “Reliability assessment of distribution network and electric vehicle considering quasi-dynamic traffic flow and vehicle-to-grid,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 131201–131213, 2019.
  • Zhang, L. Che, M. Shahidehpour, A. S. Alabdulwahab, and A. Abusorrah, “Reliability-based optimal planning of electricity and natural gas interconnections for multiple energy hubs,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1658–1667, 2015.
  • Noorollahi, A. Golshanfard, A. Aligholian, B. Mohammadi-ivatloo, S. Nielsen, and A. Hajinezhad, “Sustainable energy system planning for an industrial zone by integrating electric vehicles as energy storage,” J. Energy Storage, vol. 30, p. 101553, 2020.
  • Hougardy, “The Floyd–Warshall algorithm on graphs with negative cycles,” Inf. Process. Lett., vol. 110, no. 8–9, pp. 279–281, 2010.
  • Highlights, “NHTS Program Updates,” pp. 1–4, 2021.
  • Estakhr, M. Simab, and T. Niknam, “Security Analysis of Hybrid Multi-Carrier Energy Systems,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 3102, 2021.