[1] . E. A. Hamedani, A. R. Araghi, A. Hajinezhad, and H. Yousefi, "A Scenario-Based Techno-Economic Optimization Framework for Power-to-X Residential Energy Hubs Across Diverse Climate Conditions," Energy, p. 141155, 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2026.141155.
[2]. E. A. Hamedani and S. Talebi, "Modeling and long-term forecasting of CO2 emissions in Asia: an optimized artificial neural network approach with consideration of renewable energy scenarios," Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 26, p. 101030, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101030.
[3] . A. Bahrami Yajloo, E. Abbasian Hamedani, P. Maleki, and M. Hosseinpour, "Optimization of economic dispatch for distributed generation-based power networks," Advances in Energy Sciences and Technologies, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 266–279, 2025, doi: 10.22060/aest.2025.24945.1000.
[4] . N. Abas, A. Kalair, and N. Khan, "Review of fossil fuels and future energy technologies," Futures, vol. 69, pp. 31–49, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.futures.2015.03.003.
[5]. A. B. Yajloo and E. A. Hamedani, "Simulation of a solar-based small-scale green hydrogen production unit in Iran: A techno-economic-feasibility analysis," Results in Engineering, p. 106734, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106734.
[6] . E. A. Hamedani, P. Khodaparast, E. Hosseini, T. Mahmudy, and A. B. Yajloo, "A mini-review of energy hub: Concept, components, classifications, and applications," Energy Reports, vol. 15, p. 108886, 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2025.12.023.
[7] . A. Olabi et al., "Renewable energy systems: Comparisons, challenges and barriers, sustainability indicators, and the contribution to UN sustainable development goals," International Journal of Thermofluids, vol. 20, p. 100498, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2023.100498.
[8] . D. Gielen, F. Boshell, D. Saygin, M. D. Bazilian, N. Wagner, and R. Gorini, "The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation," Energy strategy reviews, vol. 24, pp. 38–50, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006.
[9] . H. Yazdani and M. Yaghoubi, "Techno-economic study of photovoltaic systems performance in Shiraz, Iran," Renewable Energy, vol. 172, pp. 251–262, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.012.
[10]. "International Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Capacity Highlights 2025. Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: IRENA, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2025/Mar/IRENA_DAT_RE_Capacity_Highlights_2025.pdf."
[11]. E. Skoplaki and J. A. Palyvos, "On the temperature dependence of photovoltaic module electrical performance: A review of efficiency/power correlations," Solar energy, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 614–624, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2008.10.008.
[12]. A. Babatunde, S. Abbasoglu, and M. Senol, "Analysis of the impact of dust, tilt angle and orientation on performance of PV Plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 90, pp. 1017–1026, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.102.
[13]. W. Kuczynski and K. Chliszcz, "Energy and exergy analysis of photovoltaic panels in northern Poland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 174, p. 113138, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.113138.
[14]. E. Akyuz, C. Coskun, Z. Oktay, and I. Dincer, "A novel approach for estimation of photovoltaic exergy efficiency," Energy, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 1059–1066, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.04.036.
[15]. S. S. Korsavi, Z. S. Zomorodian, and M. Tahsildoost, "Energy and economic performance of rooftop PV panels in the hot and dry climate of Iran," Journal of cleaner production, vol. 174, pp. 1204–1214, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.026.
[16]. B. Hammad, A. Al-Sardeah, M. Al-Abed, S. Nijmeh, and A. Al-Ghandoor, "Performance and economic comparison of fixed and tracking photovoltaic systems in Jordan," Renewable and Sustainable energy reviews, vol. 80, pp. 827–839, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.241.
[17]. O. R. Alomar, O. M. Ali, B. M. Ali, V. S. Qader, and O. M. Ali, "Energy, exergy, economical and environmental analysis of photovoltaic solar panel for fixed, single and dual axis tracking systems: An experimental and theoretical study," Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 51, p. 103635, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103635.
[18]. Z. Ge, Z. Xu, J. Li, J. Xu, J. Xie, and F. Yang, "Technical-economic evaluation of various photovoltaic tracking systems considering carbon emission trading," Solar Energy, vol. 271, p. 112451, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112451.
[19]. S. S. H. Dehshiri and B. Firoozabadi, "A compromise solution for comparison photovoltaic tracking systems: A 7E and uncertainty analysis assisted by machine learning algorithm," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 323, p. 119242, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119242.
[20]. M. Emmanuel, D. Akinyele, and R. Rayudu, "Techno-economic analysis of a 10ákWp utility interactive photovoltaic system at Maungaraki school, Wellington, New Zealand," Energy, vol. 120, pp. 573–583, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.107.
[21]. R. Bakhshi and J. Sadeh, "Economic evaluation of grid–connected photovoltaic systems viability under a new dynamic feed–in tariff scheme: A case study in Iran," Renewable energy, vol. 119, pp. 354–364, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.093.
[22]. F. Sobhnamayan, F. Sarhaddi, M. Alavi, S. Farahat, and J. Yazdanpanahi, "Optimization of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) water collector based on exergy concept," Renewable Energy, vol. 68, pp. 356–365, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.01.048.
[23]. M. Eisapour, A. H. Eisapour, M. Hosseini, and P. Talebizadehsardari, "Exergy and energy analysis of wavy tubes photovoltaic-thermal systems using microencapsulated PCM nano-slurry coolant fluid," Applied Energy, vol. 266, p. 114849, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114849.
[24]. H. Ramdani and C. Ould-Lahoucine, "Study on the overall energy and exergy performances of a novel water-based hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar collector," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 222, p. 113238, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113238.
[25]. M. Huang et al., "Comparative study on energy and exergy properties of solar photovoltaic/thermal air collector based on amorphous silicon cells," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 185, p. 116376, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116376.
[26]. R. Gad, H. Mahmoud, S. Ookawara, and H. Hassan, "Energy, exergy, and economic assessment of thermal regulation of PV panel using hybrid heat pipe-phase change material cooling system," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 364, p. 132489, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132489.
[27]. T. Alsharifi et al., "Design and optimization of a household photovoltaic/thermal collector with serpentine tube: Energy and exergy analysis," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 246, p. 122983, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.122983.
[28]. Y. Gu, X. Zhang, J. A. Myhren, M. Han, X. Chen, and Y. Yuan, "Techno-economic analysis of a solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) concentrator for building application in Sweden using Monte Carlo method," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 165, pp. 8–24, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.043.
[29]. P. Vitulli, E. Principi, S. Squartini, G. Tanoni, A. Gagliano, and G. M. Tina, "Energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental analysis of a photovoltaic/thermal system equipped with thermoelectric generators," Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, p. 101803, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.segan.2025.101803.
[30]. P. Golmohammadpour, A. M. Jadidi, and S. Kharazmi, "Energy and Exergy Analysis of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) System Using a Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) and Water Spray Cooling System," Results in Engineering, p. 109052, 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109052.
[31]. H. E. Beck, N. E. Zimmermann, T. R. McVicar, N. Vergopolan, A. Berg, and E. F. Wood, "Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution," Scientific data, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 180214, 2018.
[32]. S. S. H. Dehshiri and B. Firoozabadi, "Robust analysis of photovoltaic plants: A framework based on prediction uncertainties by machine learning," Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 26, p. 100912, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.100912.
[33]. S. A. Mousavi, M. Mehrpooya, M. A. V. Rad, and M. H. Jahangir, "A new decision-making process by integration of exergy analysis and techno-economic optimization tool for the evaluation of hybrid renewable systems," Sustainable energy technologies and assessments, vol. 45, p. 101196, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101196.
[34]. M. Alktranee and B. Péter, "Energy and exergy analysis for photovoltaic modules cooled by evaporative cooling techniques," Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 122–132, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.11.177.
[35]. E. Abbasian Hamedani, A. Hajinezhad, M. Mirrazavi, A. Farhadi, A. Akbari, and H. Yousefi, "Dynamic Exergy Performance Assessment of a 1-MW Wind Power Plant under Diverse Climatic Conditions," Journal of sustainable Energy Systems, pp. –, 2026, doi: 10.22059/ses.2026.411463.1216.
[36]. D. Feldman et al., "Summer 2024: Solar Industry Update [Slides]," National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2024.
[37]. A. Diesing, J. Hanto, and K. Löffler, "Unlocking solar and hydrogen potentials: A comparative analysis of solar tracking systems for South Africa’s energy transition," Renewable Energy, p. 124066, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2025.124066.
[38]. F. Karim, T. Ahmed, and M. H. I. Rasif, "Techno-economic assessment of utility-scale solar PV systems in south-eastern Bangladesh: Insights from empirical data and simulation modeling," Energy Conversion and Management: X, p. 101374, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101374.
[39]. J. Żurakowska-Sawa, A. Gromada, A. Trocewicz, A. Wojciechowska, M. Wysokiński, and A. Zielińska, "Photovoltaic farms: economic efficiency of investments in South-East Poland," Energies, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 170, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010170.
[40]. K. Asante, S. Gyamfi, M. Amo-Boateng, and F. Peprah, "Techno-economic analysis of solar PV electricity generation at the university of environment and sustainable development in Ghana," Energy Reports, vol. 11, pp. 659–673, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.12.028.
[41]. Z. Qian and P. Yuwei, "Economic analysis of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects," in International Hydropower Development Conference, 2024: Springer, pp. 39–46, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9184-2_5.
[42]. H. Kaya, "Solar energy potential assessment and investment profitability analysis: The case of North Macedonia," International Journal of Energy Studies, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 43–83, 2026.
