فصلنامه سیستم های انرژی پایدار

فصلنامه سیستم های انرژی پایدار

به‌کارگیری باتری عمر ثانویه در اندازه‌یابی بهینۀ ریزشبکۀ ترکیبی تجدیدپذیر با مدل‌سازی صریح طول عمر چرخه‌ای و تقویمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سارا حسنی 1
هدایت صبوری 2
1 دانشجو دکتری مهندسی برق قدرت، دانشکدۀ مهندسی برق، دانشگاه صنعتی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران
2 گروه مهندسی برق قدرت، دانشکدۀ مهندسی برق، دانشگاه صنعتی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران
10.22059/ses.2026.414759.1242
چکیده
با افزایش روزافزون خودروهای الکتریکی، آمار باتری‌های مستعمل و از رده خارج نیز رو به افزایش است. به‌کارگیری این باتری‌ها در کاربردهای ثانویه با توجه به افزایش بهره‌وری چرخۀ عمر و کاهش هزینۀ سرمایه‌گذاری، توجه فزاینده‌ای را جلب کرده است. با این‌حال، عدم قطعیت در ظرفیت باقی‌مانده و نرخ پیری آن‌ها، تصمیم‌گیری بهینه در خصوص اندازه‌یابی و بهره‌برداری را با چالش جدی مواجه می‌سازد؛ به‌ویژه زمانی که استهلاک چرخه‌ای و تقویمی به‌ صورت صریح در مدل لحاظ نشود. در این راستا، این مقاله یک مدل ریاضی برای ادغام باتری‌های عمر ثانویه در مسئلۀ اندازه‌یابی بهینۀ ریزشبکه‌های ترکیبی تجدیدپذیر ارائه می‌دهد. در مدل پیشنهادی، کاهش ظرفیت ناشی از عمق تخلیه، تعداد و شدت چرخه‌ها، و همچنین استهلاک وابسته به گذر زمان و وضعیت شار، به‌ صورت هم‌زمان مدل‌سازی شده است. مدل پیشنهادی، ضمن در نظر گرفتن هزینه‌های سرمایه‌گذاری، بهره‌برداری و تعمیرات، ظرفیت بهینۀ منابع تولید و ذخیره‌سازی را به‌ گونه‌ای تعیین می‌کند که هزینۀ کل خالص سیستم کمینه و قیود قابلیت اطمینان و تأمین بار رعایت شود. نتایج مطالعۀ موردی نشان می‌دهد اگرچه به‌کارگیری باتری‌های عمر ثانویه در افق یک‌ساله، به دلیل هزینۀ سرمایه‌گذاری اولیه کمتر، هزینۀ کل خالص سیستم را از 66 میلیون دلار به 63 میلیون دلار کاهش می‌دهد، اما این مزیت در افق بلندمدت پایدار نیست و با لحاظ استهلاک صریح، هزینۀ کل خالص سیستم از 66 میلیون دلار در حالت بدون استهلاک به 101 میلیون دلار برای باتری نو و 132 میلیون دلار برای باتری عمر ثانویه افزایش می‌یابد. این نتایج بیانگر آن است که نادیده گرفتن استهلاک باتری می‌تواند به برآورد خوش‌بینانه هزینه‌های بلندمدت و انتخاب ساختار غیربهینه ریزشبکه منجر شود، در حالی که مدل پیشنهادی با در نظر گرفتن هم‌زمان استهلاک چرخه‌ای و تقویمی، ارزیابی واقع‌بینانه‌تری از عملکرد اقتصادی باتری‌های عمر ثانویه در افق‌های زمانی مختلف ارائه می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
استهلاک باتری
ارزیابی فنی- اقتصادی
باتری عمر ثانویه
باتری‌ لیتیوم-یون
ریزشبکه ترکیبی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Deploying Secondary Life Batteries in Optimal Microgrid Sizing with Explicit Modeling of Cyclical and Calendar Lifetime

نویسندگان English

Sara Hassani 1
Hedayat Saboori 2
1 PhD Student, Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده English

The rapid growth of electric vehicles is leading to a substantial increase in retired and end-of-life batteries. Reusing these batteries in second-life applications has gained significant attention because it extends battery utilization while reducing investment costs. However, uncertainties in their remaining capacity and degradation rates pose major challenges for the optimal sizing and operation of energy systems, particularly when cycle and calendar degradation are not explicitly considered. This paper presents a mathematical framework for integrating second-life batteries into the optimal sizing of hybrid renewable microgrids. The proposed model simultaneously captures capacity degradation caused by depth of discharge, cycle number and severity, and calendar aging as a function of time and state of charge. By jointly optimizing investment, operation, and maintenance costs, the model determines the optimal capacities of generation and storage resources while satisfying reliability and load demand constraints. A case study demonstrates that, over a one-year planning horizon, second-life batteries reduce the total net system cost from $66 million to $63 million due to their lower upfront cost. However, this economic advantage disappears over longer planning horizons. When degradation is explicitly modeled, the total net cost increases from $66 million (assuming no degradation) to $101 million for new batteries and $132 million for second-life batteries. These findings show that neglecting battery degradation leads to overly optimistic long-term economic assessments and suboptimal microgrid designs. In contrast, the proposed framework provides a more realistic evaluation of second-life battery economics by explicitly accounting for cycle and calendar degradation across different planning horizons.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Battery degradation
Hybrid microgrid
Lithium-ion battery
Second-life battery
Techno-economic assessment
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فصلنامه سیستم های انرژی پایدار
دوره 6، شماره 1
زمستان 1405
صفحه 163-188