بررسی توازن میان امنیت انرژی و سلامت عمومی ‏در حقوق بین‏ الملل سرمایه‏ گذاری با تأکید بر انرژی هسته ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دورۀ دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه تهران، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی‏ و بین‏ الملل، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه حقوق عمومی، دانشکدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

10.22059/ses.2024.380611.1084

چکیده

وجود تعادلی ظریف میان امنیت انرژی و سلامت عمومی در بستر حقوق بین‏الملل سرمایه‏گذاری، با تمرکز بر صنعت انرژی هسته‏ای مطلوب است. انرژی هسته‏ای تأثیر زیادی بر تأمین انرژی جهان دارد. با این‏حال، خطرات زیست‏محیطی و بهداشتی مرتبط با این صنعت، از جمله خطر نشت مواد رادیواکتیو و تولید زباله‏های هسته‏ای، نگرانی‏های جدی را در سطح جهانی ایجاد کرده است. در همین راستا، سرمایه‏گذاری‏های کلان در صنعت هسته‏ای، تعارض‌هایی را میان منافع سرمایه‏گذاران و الزامات حفاظت از محیط‏ زیست و سلامت انسان ایجاد کرده است. از ویژگی‏های بنیادین حقوق، تنظیم مناسبات اقتصادی و اجتماعی در حوزه‏های مختلف است. یکی از مؤلفه‏های مهم تأثیرگذار و تأثیرپذیر در مناسبات اجتماعی، سیاسی و اقتصادی مقولۀ انرژی است. تردیدی در اهمیت انرژی وجود ندارد. مشکلات انرژی همواره برای تمام کشور‏ها یک معضل اساسی است. بهره‏برداری از منابع انرژی در اختیار دولت‏ها است، ولی تحولات جامعۀ بین‏المللی و حقوق بین‏الملل موجب شده است تا محدودیت‏هایی برای دولت‏ها در بهره‏برداری از منابع انرژی ایجاد شود. استفادۀ بیش از حد از انرژی، جهان را با دو تهدید توأمان روبه‌رو کرده است: یکی فقدان دسترسی به منابع امن و کافی انرژی با قیمت مناسب و دیگری تهدید سلامت بشر ناشی از مصرف بیش از حد انرژی. در مقالۀ حاضر در صدد هستیم بدانیم چگونه می‏توان به این دو نیاز پاسخی متوازن داد که هم جذب سرمایه برای منابع انرژی حاصل آید و هم از اثری که منابع انرژی می‏تواند بر سلامت عمومی داشته باشد، غافل نباشیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Examining the balance between energy security and public health in international investment law with an emphasis on nuclear energy

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hojat Fazi 1
  • Seid Bagher Mirabasi 2
  • Ahmad Momeni Rad 3
  • Hamid Alhui Nazari 3
1 Ph.D. Student in International Law at Tehran university, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Tehran university, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Tehran university, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

A delicate balance between energy security and public health within the framework of international investment law, with a focus on the nuclear energy industry, is desirable. Nuclear energy plays a significant role in meeting the world's energy needs. However, the environmental and health hazards associated with this industry, including the risk of radioactive leaks and the production of nuclear waste, have raised serious global concerns. In this context, substantial investments in the nuclear industry have created conflicts between the interests of investors and the requirements of environmental protection and human health. One of the fundamental characteristics of law is the regulation of economic and social relations in various fields. Energy is one of the most important and influential components in social, political, and economic relations. The importance of energy is undeniable. Energy problems have always been a fundamental issue for all countries. The exploitation of energy resources is in the hands of governments, but developments in the international community and international law have led to limitations on governments in exploiting energy resources. Excessive use of energy has confronted the world with two simultaneous threats: one, the lack of access to secure and sufficient energy at affordable prices, and the other, the threat to human health resulting from excessive energy consumption. This article seeks to understand how these two needs can be addressed in a balanced manner, ensuring both the attraction of investment for energy resources and the avoidance of the impact that energy resources can have on public health.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Energy Security
  • International Investment Law
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Public Health
  • Right to health
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