Simulation and analysis of different scenarios for the use of renewable resources in the energy system of Fars province, emphasizing the role of cooling

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

PhD Student, college of Energy and Sustainable Resources Engineering, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technologies, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

10.22059/ses.2023.368750.1044

Abstract

Cooling is one of the largest energy uses in Fars province, which has a hot and dry climate. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of using renewable sources on energy consumption and air pollution in Fars province, with an emphasis on the role of cooling. For this purpose, ENERGY PLAN software was used to simulate and calculate the results of five different scenarios for the Shiraz energy system. These scenarios are the baseline scenario, the scenario of using heat pumps/absorption chillers and district heating systems, the scenario of reducing energy demand by 20%, the scenario of using natural cooling, and the scenario of maximizing the use of renewable sources. The results show that the fifth scenario, which involves the maximum use of renewable sources by using the technology of hybrid Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and solar thermal, has the best results. In this scenario, 75.68% of the total energy need of the province is supplied by renewable energies, and it is possible to reduce CO2 emissions by about 92.76% compared to the baseline. The prerequisite for implementing most scenarios, especially the fifth scenario in Fars province, is to provide the necessary infrastructure for the production, transmission, and storage of renewable energies, pay attention to the proper design of buildings, optimize energy production and distribution technologies, and consider behavioral and cultural aspects of the province.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  • Zhu, R. Hurt, D. Correa, and R. Boehm, "Comprehensive energy and economic analyses on a zero energy house versus a conventional house," Energy, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 1043-1053, 2009.
  • Catto, "Carbon zero homes UK style," Renewable energy focus, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 28-29, 2008.
  • Zhu, R. Hurt, D. Correia, and R. Boehm, "Detailed energy saving performance analyses on thermal mass walls demonstrated in a zero energy house," Energy and buildings, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 303-310, 2009.
  • G. Atkinson, T. Jackson, and E. Mullings-Smith, "Market influence on the low carbon energy refurbishment of existing multi-residential buildings," Energy policy, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 2582-2593, 2009.
  • Pfeiffer, M. Koschenz, and A. Wokaun, "Energy and building technology for the 2000 W society—Potential of residential buildings in Switzerland," Energy and buildings, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1158-1174, 2005.
  • Heiselberg, H. Brohus, A. Hesselholt, H. Rasmussen, E. Seinre, and S. Thomas, "Application of sensitivity analysis in design of sustainable buildings," Renewable Energy, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 2030-2036, 2009.
  • Tommerup, J. Rose, and S. Svendsen, "Energy-efficient houses built according to the energy performance requirements introduced in Denmark in 2006," Energy and Buildings, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1123-1130, 2007.
  • Ajah, A. Mesbah, J. Grievink, P. Herder, P. Falcao, and S. Wennekes, "On the robustness, effectiveness and reliability of chemical and mechanical heat pumps for low-temperature heat source district heating: a comparative simulation-based analysis and evaluation," Energy, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 908-929, 2008.
  • Klemeš and F. Friedler, "PRES 2006—energy resources and management: heat integration, heat pumps, emissions and waste to energy," ed: Elsevier, 2008.
  • Kiani, Y. Hamamoto, A. Akisawa, and T. Kashiwagi, "CO2 mitigating effects by waste heat utilization from industry sector to metropolitan areas," Energy, vol. 29, no. 12-15, pp. 2061-2075, 2004.
  • Gustavsson and Å. Karlsson, "Heating detached houses in urban areas," Energy, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 851-875, 2003.
  • Eriksson, G. Finnveden, T. Ekvall, and A. Björklund, "Life cycle assessment of fuels for district heating: A comparison of waste incineration, biomass-and natural gas combustion," Energy policy, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 1346-1362, 2007.
  • Harkouss, F. Fardoun, and P. H. Biwole, "Optimal design of renewable energy solution sets for net zero energy buildings," Energy, vol. 179, pp. 1155-1175, 2019.
  • Saaly, P. Maghoul, M. Kavgic, and D. Polyzois, "Performance analysis of a proposed geothermal pile system for heating and cooling energy demand for a building in cold regions," Sustainable cities and society, vol. 45, pp. 669-682, 2019.
  • V. Mathiesen, H. Lund, and D. Connolly, "Limiting biomass consumption for heating in 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 160-168, 2012.
  • Lund, A. N. Andersen, P. A. Østergaard, B. V. Mathiesen, and D. Connolly, "From electricity smart grids to smart energy systems–a market operation based approach and understanding," Energy, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 96-102, 2012.
  • Connolly et al., "Heat Roadmap Europe 2050: Second pre-study for the EU27," ed: Aalborg University, 2013.
  • Connolly et al., "Heat Roadmap Europe: Combining district heating with heat savings to decarbonise the EU energy system," Energy policy, vol. 65, pp. 475-489, 2014.
  • Lund et al., "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH): Integrating smart thermal grids into future sustainable energy systems," Energy, vol. 68, pp. 1-11, 2014.
  • Connolly, B. V. Mathiesen, and H. Lund, "Smart Energy Europe: A 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union," in Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2015, pp. 1-22.
  • Averfalk, P. Ingvarsson, U. Persson, M. Gong, and S. Werner, "Large heat pumps in Swedish district heating systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 79, pp. 1275-1284, 2017.
  • HassanzadehFard and A. Jalilian, "Optimal sizing and siting of renewable energy resources in distribution systems considering time varying electrical/heating/cooling loads using PSO algorithm," International Journal of Green Energy, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 113-128, 2018.
  • Chel and G. Kaushik, "Renewable energy technologies for sustainable development of energy efficient building," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 655-669, 2018.
  • Inayat and M. Raza, "District cooling system via renewable energy sources: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 107, pp. 360-373, 2019.
  • Huang et al., "A review of data centers as prosumers in district energy systems: Renewable energy integration and waste heat reuse for district heating," Applied Energy, vol. 258, p. 114109, 2020.
  • Bartolini, F. Carducci, C. B. Munoz, and G. Comodi, "Energy storage and multi energy systems in renewable energy communities with high renewable energy penetration," Renewable Energy, 2020.
  • Lund and B. V. Mathiesen, "Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050," Energy, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 524-531, 2009.
  • Lund, "Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development," Energy, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 912-919, 2007.
  • Connolly, H. Lund, and B. Mathiesen, "Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 60, pp. 1634-1653, 2016.
  • A. J. W. R. G. B. H. f. t. G. A. W. P. h. l. w. i. o. d. n. p. Watch, "World Meteorological Organization," 2003.
  • Noorollahi, A. Golshanfard, A. Aligholian, B. Mohammadi-ivatloo, S. Nielsen, and A. Hajinezhad, "Sustainable Energy System Planning for an Industrial Zone by Integrating Electric Vehicles as Energy Storage," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 30, p. 101553, 2020/08/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2020.101553.
  • Gholami, A. Hajinezhad, F. Pourfayaz, and M. H. Ahmadi, "The effect of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic cavitation on biodiesel production: An exergy analysis approach," Energy, vol. 160, pp. 478-489, 2018/12018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.008.
  • Azizi et al., "Critical review of multigeneration system powered by geothermal energy resource from the energy, exergy, and economic point of views," Energy Science & Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1296 vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 4859-4889, 2022/12/01 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1296.
  • H. Katooli, R. Askari Moghadam, and A. Hajinezhad, "Simulation and experimental evaluation of Stirling refrigerator for converting electrical/mechanical energy to cold energy," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 184, pp. 83-90, 2019/03/15/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.014.
  • J. R. f. I. Kerr, International Energy Agency website: https://www. iea. org/publications/freepublications/publication/chp_report. pdf, "Combined heat and power: evaluating the benefits of greater global investment," 2008.
  • Lundmark and K. Bäckström, "Bioenergy innovation and energy policy," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 755-775, 2015/11/17 2015, doi: 10.1080/10438599.2014.998862.
  • A. O. o. E. Technology, D., and G. o. Eight, Energy technology perspectives. International Energy Agency, 2006.
  • Verduci et al., "Solar Energy in Space Applications: Review and Technology Perspectives," Advanced Energy Materials, https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202200125 vol. 12, no. 29, p. 2200125, 2022/08/01 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202200125.
  • Henderson, "Fossil fuel-fired power generation. Case studies of recently constructed coal-and gas-fired plants," 2007.
  • Sartor, S. Quoilin, and P. Dewallef, "Simulation and optimization of a CHP biomass plant and district heating network," Applied Energy, vol. 130, pp. 474-483, 2014/10/01/ 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.097.
  • Carpaneto, P. Lazzeroni, and M. Repetto, "Optimal integration of solar energy in a district heating network," Renewable Energy, vol. 75, pp. 714-721, 2015/03/01/ 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.10.055.
  • Wang, E. Abdollahi, R. Lahdelma, W. Jiao, and Z. Zhou, "Modelling and optimization of the smart hybrid renewable energy for communities (SHREC)," Renewable Energy, vol. 84, pp. 114-123, 2012015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.05.036.
  • Buoro, P. Pinamonti, and M. Reini, "Optimization of a Distributed Cogeneration System with solar district heating," Applied Energy, vol. 124, pp. 298-308, 2014/07/01/ 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.062.
  • Giuntoli and D. Poli, "Optimized Thermal and Electrical Scheduling of a Large Scale Virtual Power Plant in the Presence of Energy Storages," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 942-955, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TSG.2012.2227513.
  • Nuytten, B. Claessens, K. Paredis, J. Van Bael, and D. Six, "Flexibility of a combined heat and power system with thermal energy storage for district heating," Applied Energy, vol. 104, pp. 583-591, 2013/042013 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.029.
  • Ali, J. Jokisalo, K. Siren, and M. Lehtonen, "Combining the Demand Response of direct electric space heating and partial thermal storage using LP optimization," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 106, pp. 160-167, 2014/01/01/ 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2013.08.017.
  • Chesi, G. Ferrara, L. Ferrari, S. Magnani, and F. Tarani, "Influence of the heat storage size on the plant performance in a Smart User case study," Applied Energy, vol. 112, pp. 1454-1465, 2013/12/01/ 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.01.089.
  • Dagdougui, R. Minciardi, A. Ouammi, M. Robba, and R. Sacile, "Modeling and optimization of a hybrid system for the energy supply of a “Green” building," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 64, pp. 351-363, 2012/12/01/ 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.05.017.
  • Van den Broek, A. Van Wijk, and M. Trossero, "Electricidad a partir de eucalipto y bagazo en ingenios azucareros de Nicaragua. Costos, aspectos macroeconomicos y medioambientales," 1998.
  • Kargbo, J. S. Harris, and A. N. Phan, "“Drop-in” fuel production from biomass: Critical review on techno-economic feasibility and sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 135, p. 110168, 2021/01/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110168.
  • Wiltshire, J. Williams, and S. Werner, "European DHC research issues," in 11th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, Reykjavik, Iceland, August 31–September 2, 2008, 2008.
  • Goldemberg, "World energy assessment. Energy and the challenge of sustainability," 2001.
  • Gunnarsdottir, B. Davidsdottir, E. Worrell, and S. Sigurgeirsdottir, "Indicators for sustainable energy development: An Icelandic case study," Energy Policy, vol. 164, p. 112926, 2022/05/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112926.
  • Pérez-Lombard, J. Ortiz, and C. Pout, "A review on buildings energy consumption information," Energy and buildings, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 394-398, 2008.
  • Lund and E. J. R. E. Münster, "Modelling of energy systems with a high percentage of CHP and wind power," vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 2179-2193, 2003.
  • J. E. Lund, "Large-scale integration of wind power into different energy systems," vol. 30, no. 13, pp. 2402-2412, 2005.
  • Lund and E. J. A. E. Münster, "Management of surplus electricity-production from a fluctuating renewable-energy source," vol. 76, no. 1-3, pp. 65-74, 2003.
Journal of sustainable Energy Systems
Volume 2, Issue 2
April 2023
Pages 143-165

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics